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| 1850 |
| | | British engineer Robert Stephenson completes a box-girder railway bridge over the Menai Strait, between Anglesey and mainland Wales | |
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| 1851 |
| | | English photographer Frederick Scott Archer publishes the details of his collodion process, a marked improvement on the earlier calotype negative | |
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| 1851 |
| | | German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz invents the ophthalmoscope, making it possible for a doctor to examine the inside of a patient's eye | |
|  | Principle of Helmholtz's ophthalmoscope
Wellcome Library, London
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| 1852 |
| | | US entrepreneur Cornelius Vanderbilt conveys passengers across the American continent through Nicaragua by steamship and horse and carriage | |
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| 1853 |
| | | The hypodermic syringe with a plunger is simultaneously developed in France and in Scotland | |
|  | Alexander Wood's hypodermic syringe
Wellcome Library, London
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| 1854 |
| | | US inventor Elisha Otis dramatically demonstrates his new safety elevator, cutting the rope suspending his platform in New York's Crystal Palace | |
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| 1854 |
| | | Ferdinand de Lesseps is granted the concession to construct a canal from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea | |
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| 1855 |
| | | The Panama Railroad company completes a line between the Atlantic and the Pacific, providing America's first transcontinental link | |
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| 1857 |
| | | The Haughwout Store, a five-storey building in New York, instals the first Otis safety elevator | |
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| 1858 |
| | | Brunel dies just before the maiden voyage of his gigantic final project, the luxury liner The Great Eastern | |
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